Mortgage companies play an important role in making solar photovoltaics (PV) more affordable and accessible for homeowners, which is a key component to unlocking the economic opportunities of home energy upgrades. Learn more about how this complements RMI’s Residential Energy+ initiative, which is working with top industry representatives to make better energy performance more accessible, affordable, and desirable for U.S. homeowners.
Fannie Mae’s HomeStyle Energy Mortgage offers the lowest cost of capital for solar (currently a mid-three percent range fixed rate). To date, this market is the largest untapped source of low-cost capital that the solar industry can leverage for the benefit of homebuyers and mortgage refinancers.
A new source of low-cost capital is increasingly important in order to accelerate solar industry growth, as some solar leasing companies have seen their own cost of capital rise in recent months or had access to capital shut off completely. This could be the game changer the solar industry has been looking for, with the capacity to change everything from the value proposition of solar ownership all the way to how solar is marketed and sold to current and future homeowners.
The HomeStyle Energy Mortgage from Fannie Mae enables a homebuyer or mortgage refinancer to add a solar system after the mortgage loan has closed. This is done by allowing up to 15 percent of the “as completed” home value to be used to pay for the cost of a solar system with funds escrowed by the lender, and gives the homeowner 180 days after the closing date to have the solar system installed.
The new mortgage requires a home energy report to determine the cost-effectiveness of the solar improvement. The report must show that the present value of energy savings is greater than the cost to install. The homeowner must also have an as-completed appraisal, which includes value for the not-yet-completed solar system.
The initial concept, including the benefits of financing new solar installations within a purchase or refinance mortgage, was first proposed in 2012 to industry stakeholders, including Rocky Mountain Institute. It was then presented in 2013 at the Photovoltaic Specialists Conference.
Methods for developing a value for solar using the appraisal industry’s income and cost approaches were proposed in 2010, and later published in the fall 2013 edition of the Appraisal Journal (a publication of the Appraisal Institute), and have been allowed by both Fannie Mae and HUD since 2015. Appraisers, realtors, homeowners, and lenders can now estimate the market value of solar by using the free online PV Value® tool that was recently developed by Energy Sense Finance with funding from the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) SunShot initiative.
Adding solar when purchasing a home or refinancing a mortgage has the potential to become the default choice, like repainting a room, doing new landscaping, or any other minor improvement a homeowner makes when completing a new real estate transaction. Fannie Mae’s financing for solar can result in:
The conforming mortgage industry currently averages just over four million purchase and refinance transactions per year. Meanwhile, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory estimates that up to 89 percent of available small rooftops measuring less than 5,000 square feet are good candidates for solar and can support a minimum system size of 1.5 kW.
If Freddie Mac follows Fannie Mae and HUD with a similar offering of its own, it could open up financing for new solar installations within 3.5 million residential mortgage transactions per year, allowing for solar systems to be installed after mortgage transactions close.
While several factors will have an impact on the actual market potential—age of roof, local utility rates, net energy metering policy, installation costs, available solar resource, and others—as utility costs continue to increase and the cost to install solar continues to decrease in many states, we estimate between 1 and 1.75 million homeowners will take advantage of the ability to finance solar installations at the lowest interest rate available.
This new market potential comes as the solar industry recently celebrated its one millionth installation, a milestone that took nearly 40 years to achieve.
Just one million installations of homeowner-owned solar per year at a value of $10,000 per system has the potential to add $10 billion annually to residential property values nationwide.
For those who can’t meet the typical Fannie Mae requirements for a higher down payment, income, or credit score, there is a similar product from HUD, referred to as the “solar and wind technology policy.”
It can be used with both purchase and refinance transactions, and allows for up to 20 percent of the “as-is” home value prior to the solar installation to be used to cover the cost of a solar installation. Additionally, it gives the borrower up to 120 days after the mortgage closing date to have the solar system installed.
For new home construction, the DOE’s SunShot initiative funded a working group, led by Sandia National Laboratories, that put together Solar Basics for Homebuilders, a guide that lays out the financing options available to both homebuilders and homebuyers who want to include a solar system with their new home.
Additionally, the Appraisal Institute, working in conjunction with the National Association of Homebuilders and the Building Codes Assistance Project, put together information for homebuilders to ensure that the new homebuyer receives an appraisal from a competent appraiser who has received specific training in valuing homes with solar.
There are now multiple sources of low-interest rate financing mechanisms in place for new solar installations that allow virtually all current or future homeowners to own their solar, maximize their monthly savings, and ensure the solar PV value is included in the appraised value of their homes.
Marketing to homeowners and homebuyers is the first step to ensuring they become aware of new low-interest rate financing options for solar. At the same time, appraisers need to be trained in how to properly develop value for solar systems before conducting an appraisal on a home with a solar PV system. Even further, underwriters need to be educated on allowable valuation methodologies. To assist with this effort, the Appraisal Institute offers a two-day course titled “Residential and Commercial Valuation of Solar,” developed with funding from the DOE’s SunShot initiative. There are additional educational efforts underway that will be announced later this year.
Solar installers may seek to work with real estate agents, home sellers, and homebuyers to educate them about these new financing options. They may also offer a solar installation quote with each new listing, along with an estimate of the value using the free PV Value® tool. Additionally, they may want to obtain a home energy rater designation and become a HERS or HES rater, if current guidelines remain in effect.
Energy Sense Finance plans on undertaking education efforts relating to valuation of solar with the free PV Value® tool, providing a national database of solar installations to appraisers, and addressing the valuation of energy storage with solar in the new Ei Value® platform that will be available later this year.
Providing a source of low-cost capital and enabling market value for solar were two missing pieces needed to enable a more rapid solar adoption rate and, now that those are coming into place, the solar industry can look forward to many sunny days ahead.
Jamie Johnson is the founder and CEO of Energy Sense Finance. Image courtesy of iStock.
Infographics Source: Fannie Mae and Energy Sense Finance. Source: RMI. Reproduced with permission.
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